Casimir remarried several times, and since all of the children from his first and fourth (final) marriage were daughters, he left no lawful heirs thus, he named one of his nephews to be his heir. During his reign, he founded Poland's first major university, and promoted an educated society. In order to gain the favor of the landed elites, he reformed Polish law to grant special privileges to the higher castes and he gained the favor of Jewish immigrants by granting them unprecedented protections under the law that allowed them to maintain their religious and cultural identities during a time in which other European Jews were being forced to convert to Christianity. He inherited a nation that was crumbling due to a war-blasted economy, and the legitimacy of his claim to the throne was questioned by his political rivals. The nation was occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II, and was firmly within the Iron Curtain during the Cold War, but eventually returned to a democratic style of governance based on a market economy after the fall of the Soviet Union.Ĭasimir III was the last King of Poland from the Piast (founding) Dynasty, and is widely regarded as the nation's greatest leader.
Its central location in Europe made Poland a subject to many wars, particularly with Germany, Prussia, and Russian. The combination of large numbers of immigrants and the popularity of Protestantism during the Reformation helped Poland to become a very tolerant culture. The high level of education may have also helped protect the Polish population from the effects of the plague, as Poland had one of the lowest mortality rates of any European nation during the time of the Black Death. During the late Middle Ages, the rulers of Poland began putting increasing focus on educational and social reforms, and Poland became one of the best-educated nations in all of Europe, which may have contributed to it becoming a popular destination for immigrants - particularly Germans, Jews, and Armenians. He was baptized during his reign and the young Polish kingdom quickly became part of the Catholic sphere of influence. Poland is a Slavic nation in Central Europe that can trace its origins to the 10th century AD, when Mieszko I united the pagan tribes that were ruled by his ancestors and was crowned the first King of the Polans. Halfway through my series of strategy posts about Brave New World's new civilizations, we have Poland.
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